태어나다 To be born

심하다 to be severe

[si-ma-da]

새벽 dawn, daybreak

비하다 to compare

요즘 nowadays

차이 difference, disparity

J: 差異

주로 Mainly

V+겠- Future Tense Pre-final ending

This pre-final ending indicates the future tense. It is attached onto the verb stem before the verb ending. It expresses the will of the speaker when the subject is the 1st person.

e.g.
저녁에 전화하겠습니다.
다음 주말에 등산을 가겠습니다.
저는 비빔밥을 먹겠어요.

알리다 to inform

Honorific forms

N 께서 V(으)시 Ending

e.g. 아버지께서 회사에 가십니다.

먹다 -> 드시다/잡수시다
있다 -> 계시다
자다 -> 주무시다

e.g
선생님께서 아침을 드십니다.
아버지께서 주무십니다.
어머니께서 방에 계십니다.

싸우다 to compete, to fight

훨씬 by far, very much, far away

총 pistol, gun

어서 in (direction); quickly; (if you) please, right, kindly

밀다 to push

어른 adult, man, grown-up

어떻다 how, how about; be how, be some way; somehow

바꾸다 to change, exchange; replace, alter, shift

[pa-ku-da]

께서 subject marker (honorific

[gae-sor]

드리다 to give (honorific form)

[te-ri-da]

발견하다 to find

[pai-gyorn-ha-da]

며칠 few days; how long, how many days; what day of the month

[myeo-chirl]

께 to (a person) (honorific); about

[gae]

잘못 mistake, fault, wrong, error, blunder

[jarl-mot]

울리다 to ring

[wu-ri-da]

손님 guest, caller, visitor; customer, client, audience; passenger

[sorn-nim]

방향 direction, bearings, course; one's course, aim

[pang-hyang]

J: 方向

따다 to pick (fruit)

[da-da]

가능하다 to be possible

[ka-nerng-ha-da]

부인 Denial, disapproval; wife

[bu-in]

가운데 Midway, middle; center; interior, inside; between; among

[ka-urn-dae]

경찰 Police

[kyeong-charl]

J: 警察

설명하다 To explain

[soy-myeong-ha-da]

영향 Influence, effect

[yong-hyang]

단 Counter for bunch of vegetables

[tan]

끼다 to cloud up, to fog up

[gi-da]

이루어지다 to be arranged; accomplished by; through (doing)

[yi-ru-or-ji-da]

어깨 shoulder

[or-gae]

결코 Never, by no means, not in the least

[kyorl-ko]

J: 決코

능력 Capacity, ability, faculty

[neng-ryork]

J: 能力

공장 Factory, plant; mill; workshop

[gong-jang]

을 Object marker

[erl]

변하다 To change

[pyeon-ha-da]

J: 變하다

잘 잤습니까? Do you sleep well?

물건 Products, thing, article, good

[mul-gorn]

아프다 To be sick

[ah-per-da]

달력 Calendar

잔치 Feast

고향 Hometown, one's native place, one's birthplace

[go-hyang]

J: 古鄕

시험 Exam

시험을 보다

친절하다 To be kind, nice

친절했어요
친절했습니다

생각하다 To think, consider, ponder

생각했어요
생각했습니다

보내다 Send

보냈어요
보냈습니다

배우다 Learn

배워요
배웠어요
배웠습니다

닫다 Close, shut, close down

닫아요
닫았어요
닫았습니다

놀다 To play

[nol-da]

놀아요
놀았어요
놀았습니다

지역 Area, place, region, zone

[qi-yourk]

J: 地域

빨리 Quickly, fast, rapidly, in haste

[bal-li]

지내다 To celebrate, have a good time

[qi-neh-da]

꺼내다 To take out

[gor-nea-da]

열 Heat

[yourl]

J: 熱

밝히다 to say, to announce, to make public

[pal-ki-da]

계획 Plan, schedule, project; scheme; program

[kyae-hweat]

J: 計劃

생명 Life, soul, vitality

[seang-myeong]

J: 生命

중심 Center, focus, core, middle; balance

[chung-sim]

J: 中心

성격 Type, personality, character

[song-kyeok]

J: 性格

편지 Letter, note, epistle

[pyeon-ji]

지나가다 to pass by

[ji-na-ka-da]

가격 Value, price, pricing, worth

꺼내다 Take out, extract

N-(으)로 Directional Particle

This particle is used to indicate for direction or means. Nouns ending in a consonant are followed by 으로, while those ending in a vowel are followed by 로. However, when a word ends with a consonant ㄹ, 로 is used.

저쪽으로 가세요.
학교로 편지를 보내세요.
교실로 들어가세요.

N-에서 Locative Particle

This particle is used together with action verbs and serves to indicate where a given action takes place. When used with 오다, it indicates the place of origin, i.e. "from" in English.

도서관에서 숙제해요.
운동장에서 종구를 합니다.
공원에서 사진을 찍어요.

지하 Underground, basement

자주 Often, frequently

내려가다 to go down, descend

[neh-ryo-ga-da]
<> 올라가다 to go up, rise, climb

던지다 Throw, cast, toss

e.g. 주사위를 던지다

주사위 Dice

e.g. 주사위를 던지다

옛날 Ancient times, old times, the past

[yan-nal]

e.g. 옛날 옛날에... long, long time ago...

식탁 Dinning table, board, cooktable

부르다 Call; Sing

노래를 부르다
Sing a song

들어가다 Go in

<> 들어오다 Come in

들어오다 Come in

<> 들어가다 Go in

옆 Besides

안 inside of

오른쪽 Right of

왼쪽 Left of

아래 bottom of

위 On top of

앞 In front of

겨울 Winter

계절 Season

가을 Autumn

계절 Season

여름 Summer

계절 Season

봄 Spring

계절 Season

무슨 Which

[mu-shen]

올라가다 to go up, rise, climb

[ol-ra-ka-da]

<> 내려가다 to go down, descend

일으키다 To cause, to provoke

[yi-re-ki-da]

아저씨 Friendly reference to a man of one's parents' age

[ah-jor-shi]

N~이/가 있다 Have

Common mistake to attach 을/를 with 있다, correct usage should be the 이/가 particle
e.g.

가방이 있어요.

잠깐만요 Just a second

[jam-gan-man-nyo]

소개하다 To introduce, present someone

[so-kae-ha-da]

J: 紹介

인사하다 Greeting, introduction, salutation

[in-sa-ha-da]

각 Each

[Kak]

빈칸 Blanks

[pin-kkan]

있다 < 계시다 Have, exist, contain, belong

부모님 Parents

[pu-mo]

J: 父母

지우개 Eraser

하숙집 Boarding house

거울 mirror

부분 Part, portion, section

[pu-pun]

J: 部分

관심 Interest, concern

[guan-xim]

J: 關心

쳐다보다 look up;Cast an upward glance; Look at

[chyo-da-bo-da]

키 Height/ Key (transliteration)

[ki]

눕다 Lie down

[nub-da]

시키다 To order

[shi-ki-da]

도시 City; towns and cities

[to-shi]

J: 都市

붙이다 To attach

[pu-chi-da]

자연 Nature, spontaneity

[ja-yorng]

J: 自然

담배 Cigarette, tobacco

[tam-bae]

잃다 To lose (an item)

[il-ta]

이다 To be (identity)

[yi-da]

어휘 Vocabulary

현재 The present, now; at present; this world; present tense

[hyourn-jae]

참 By the way; Oh!; truly, very

[cham]

지방 Region, area

[ji-bang]

나이 Age, years

[na-yi]

끌다 To draw

[kel-da]

그러므로 Therefore, since it is so, hence; for that reason; consequently

[ke-ro-me-ro]

동안 during, for (a length of time)

[tong-an]

움직이다 to move

[wum-ji-ki-da]

태도 Attitude, manner, behavior, bearing

[tae-do]

J: 態度

주인 Owner, proprietor, master, employer, host, landlord

[ju-in]

말씀 Speech (honorific), words, language, speech, statement

[mal-sem]

그리다 to draw (pick)

[ke-ri-da]

면 page

[myeon]

하루 Day, one day; The first day of the month

[ha-ru]

벌써 Already

[pol-sor]

이루다 Accomplish, achieve

그냥 Just, as it is, as you find it, in that condition

[ke-niang]

행동 Behaviour, conduct, deed; Action, movement

[heng-dong]

J: 行動

갑자기 Suddenly, all of a sudden, all at once, abruptly

[kap-ja-gi]

체격이 좋다 Good physique

정원 Garden

쌍둥이 Twins

잘 있었어요? What's up?

잘 지내세요. Take care of yourself

국민 Nation, People

[kung-min]

사건 Incident, affair, case, matter

[sa-gon]

및 And, in addition to

[mit]

결과 Result, outcome, consequence, effect, fruit

[kyorl-gua]

J: 結果

중요하다 To be important

[jung-yo-ha-da]

AV-(으)ㅂ시다 Collective suggestion verb ending

This ending indicates a suggestion that the speaker and listener do something together. This ending may only be used with action verbs.

가: 내일 같이 공부할까요?
나: 좋아요. 같이 공부합시다.

가: 오늘 뭘 먹을까요?
나: 갈비탕을 먹읍시다.

AV-(으)ㄹ까요? Inquring the opinion of the listener

This ending is used by the speaker to inquire the opinion of the listener regarding an action that is yet to be determined.

When the subject is the 1st person singular, this ending is used to require the opinion of the listener regarding a possible future action of the speaker.

When the subject is 1st plural, this ending serves to express the suggestion that the speaker and the listener take a certain action together.

Therefore when the subject is the 1st person singular, the listener may respond with (으)세요, thereby expressing permission or making a request. When the subject is 1st person plural, the listener may respond with (으)ㅂ시다, thereby agreeing with the suggestion, i.e. "Let's.."

제가 할까요?
제가 문을 닫을까요?
이 영화를 볼까요?
우리 같이 점심을 먹을까요?

AV-(으)세요 Informal Request / V-(으)세요 Formal interrogative verb ending

This verb ending is used to express a request in the informal style.

여기에 앉으세요.
안녕히 가세요.
맛있게 드세요.
안녕히 주무세요.


When the subject of a sentence is older than the speaker (or higher in social status) (으)시 + 어요 produces (으)세요. (으)시 is the honorific pre-final ending and 어요 is the verb ending. According to the intonation of (으)세요, it could be a statement, or a question or a request.

돈이 많으세요?
선생님, 지금 시간이 있으세요?
한국 음식을 좋아하세요?
경희대학교에 다니세요?

지키다 To maintain, to keep

[jhi-ki-da]

필요하다 To be necessary

[pi-lyo-ha-da]

꼭 Certainly, surely, by all means

[gok]

표정 Facial expression, Look

[pyo-jong]

J: 表情

걱정하다 Worry

그럼 Yes, Yeah, Right; Well (as in Well...I don't konw.)

[ke-rom]

아들 Son, Boy

[ah-de]

의미 Meaning, Sense, Significance, Import, Point

[eryi-mi]

J: 意味

이나 But, yet, while, though, or

[yi-na]

만큼 As..as (as in As smart as...), like, so....as

[man-kem]

아주 Very, very much, exceedingly; perfectly; really, quite

[ah-ju]

거리 Distance / Range / Interval

[kor-li]

J: 距離

반 Section

[pan]

아침 Morning / Breakfast

[ah-chim]

대 To.. (As in The score was 2 to 5)

[tae]

돌아가다 To Return /

[to-ra-ka-da]

제목 Title / Subject

J: 題目

강 River

[kang]

선생 Teacher / Instructor / Mister(honorific)

[sorn-seng]

바라보다 To watch

[pa-la-bo-da]

혼자 Alone / By Oneself / For Oneself

[hon-ja]

얼마나 How Long / How Many

[oil-ma-na]

먼저 First / First of All / Above All / Ahead / Before

땅 Earth / Soil / Ground

[dang]

사랑 Love / Affection

[sa-rang]

바람 Wind / Breeze / Gale / Storm

[pa-ram]

하늘 Sky / Air / Heaven

[ha-nel]

문화 Culture / Civilization

[mun-hwa]

병 Bottle

[pyeong]

얻다 To Obtain

[op-da]

양 Sheep

[yang]

끝 End / Close / Final / Last

[get]

빠지다 Be Omitted

[ba`-ji-da]

맞다 To be correct

[mat-da]

이상 Above / More Than / Over / Ideal

[yi-sang]

(Ideal) J: 理想

이르다 To Reach

[yi-re-da]

들리다 To be audible

[te-ri-da]

따라서 Therefore / Accordingly / In accordance with / According to

[da-ra-so]

가지 Kind (type)

[ka-ji]

갖다 To Have

[cut-dah]

방법 Way / Method / Means

[pang-bok]

J: 方法

쪽 Page

[chou]

물다 To Bite / To Pay / To Repay

[mul-da]

처음 Beginning / Start / Origins / First time

[chor-erm]


e.g. 처음 뵙겠습니다.

여러 A number (of) / Many / Several / Various

[your-ror]

머리 Head / Brain / Hair

[mor-ri]

은 Silver

[en]

銀

바로 Exactly / Precisely / Correctly / At once

[pa-ro]

듣다 To listen/hear

[tert-da]

정도 Extend / Degree / Standard / Amount / Level / Grade / Limit

[chong-do]

J: 程度

함께 Together with / Together along / In company with

[ham-gae]

밖 Outdoors / Another / The Other / The rest

[park]

좀 Bit (small amount) / please

[chom]

왜 Why

[where]

백 Hundred

[peak]

후 After

[hu]

못 Can't

[mok]

없이 Without

[orb-si]

이렇게 So / Thus / Like / This / In This Way / That Much

[yi-rot-kie]

곳 Place / Scene / Locality

[Kot]

같이 Like / As / Like / In the Way / Together / With / In Company With

[ka-qi]

몇 Many / How / Some / Several

[miot]

나가다 To Go Out

[na-ga-da]

뭐 What (Contraction of 무엇)

[mor]

못하다 To be Unable

[mok-ta-da]

모든 All \ Every \ Each and every

[mo-den]

뒤 Back / Behind

[dui]

어느 A / One / A certain / Some / Which / What / Whichever / Any / None / Neither

[or-ne]

놓다 To Put / To Put Down

[not-ta]

무엇 What/ Something/ Anything

[mu-odd]

따르다 To follow

[da^-rel-da]

부터 From

[put-tor]

사실 Fact / Reality / Actuality / Truth

[sa-shil]

J: 事實

어떤 What kind of / What / What Like / What sort of / Any

[odd-den]

대청소 Spring Cleaning

e.g. 대청소를 했습니다

다르다 To be different

[ta-rel-da]

보이다 To appear/ To seem/ To show

[bo-yi-da]

제 counter for ordinal Sino numbers

[jae]

자 Ruler

[cha]

그렇다 It is so / to be like that

[ke-rot-ta]

그릇 Dish

권 Volume / Book

개 Piece